Standards index

ACI 318

• Civil & StructuralFoundations — how the soil report decides what you build
• Civil & StructuralConcrete and reinforcement — why the mix is the easy part

AISC 360

• Civil & StructuralStructural steel — sections, connections and why it must be fireproofed

API 14E

• PipingLine sizing — why pipe diameter is an economic decision

API 510

• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often
• PipingRunning an RBI assessment — from data to an inspection plan that happens

API 520

• ProcessRelief and flare systems — what happens when pressure wins
• PipingRelief valve and flare piping — the 3 per cent rule, backpressure and reaction force
• PipingVessels, exchangers and relief devices — the static equipment

API 521

• ProcessRelief and flare systems — what happens when pressure wins
• PipingRelief valve and flare piping — the 3 per cent rule, backpressure and reaction force
• PipingVessels, exchangers and relief devices — the static equipment

API 537

• ProcessRelief and flare systems — what happens when pressure wins

API 553

• PipingValve actuation and fail position — deciding what happens when everything stops

API 556

• ProcessFired heaters — an open flame next to a hydrocarbon inventory

API 560

• ProcessWhat the plant actually does — the shape of a process
• ProcessFired heaters — an open flame next to a hydrocarbon inventory
• ProcessHeat integration — why the plant reuses its own heat, and what that costs

API 570

• PipingSpecial piping components — the places that do not corrode like the pipe
• PipingCorrosion loops and piping circuits — the two groupings an RBI study is built on
• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often
• PipingRunning an RBI assessment — from data to an inspection plan that happens

API 571

• PipingSpecial piping components — the places that do not corrode like the pipe
• PipingMaterial degradation — sensitisation, hardness limits and galvanic attack
• PipingCorrosion control documents — writing down why the plant corrodes
• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often

API 574

• PipingSpecial piping components — the places that do not corrode like the pipe
• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often

API 577

• PipingReading a WPS and a PQR — what is on the sheet and what the tests proved
• PipingSection IX essential variables — what invalidates a procedure qualification
• PipingWelder qualification and continuity — the ranges a ticket covers, and the register nobody updates
• PipingJoint preparation and fit-up — the hold point you only get once
• PipingPreheat and post-weld heat treatment — hydrogen, hardness, and reading the chart
• PipingNon-destructive examination — choosing the method and reading the result
• PipingExamination extent and progressive sampling — what five per cent actually obliges

API 579

• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often

API 580

• PipingSpecial piping components — the places that do not corrode like the pipe
• PipingCorrosion loops and piping circuits — the two groupings an RBI study is built on
• PipingCorrosion control documents — writing down why the plant corrodes
• PipingIntegrity operating windows — limits that protect the metal, not the product
• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often
• PipingRunning an RBI assessment — from data to an inspection plan that happens
• Civil & StructuralInspecting and repairing structures — the other forty years

API 581

• PipingCorrosion loops and piping circuits — the two groupings an RBI study is built on
• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often
• PipingRunning an RBI assessment — from data to an inspection plan that happens

API 583

• PipingInsulation, tracing and coatings — the layers outside the pipe
• Civil & StructuralInspecting and repairing structures — the other forty years

API 584

• PipingCorrosion control documents — writing down why the plant corrodes
• PipingIntegrity operating windows — limits that protect the metal, not the product

API 585

• HSEIncident investigation — finding the cause rather than the culprit

API 594

• PipingValve types — picking one for the duty, not the drawing

API 5L

• PipingPipe materials — what the grade on the spec actually means

API 600

• PipingValve types — picking one for the duty, not the drawing

API 607

• PipingValve types — picking one for the duty, not the drawing

API 608

• PipingValve types — picking one for the duty, not the drawing

API 609

• PipingValve types — picking one for the duty, not the drawing

API 610

• PipingPipe supports and thermal expansion — why you cannot just bolt it down
• PipingAnchors, guides and restraint schemes — deciding where the pipe may move
• PipingSpring hanger selection — variable, constant, and the pin nobody pulled
• PipingNozzle loads and allowables — the constraint that really governs hot piping
• PipingPump piping layout — the suction side is where the decisions are made
• Rotating EquipmentPumps — head, NPSH and why cavitation is a suction problem

API 617

• PipingNozzle loads and allowables — the constraint that really governs hot piping

API 653

• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often

API 660

• ProcessHeat integration — why the plant reuses its own heat, and what that costs
• PipingNozzle loads and allowables — the constraint that really governs hot piping
• PipingVessels, exchangers and relief devices — the static equipment

API 674

• Rotating EquipmentPumps — head, NPSH and why cavitation is a suction problem

API 682

• Rotating EquipmentPumps — head, NPSH and why cavitation is a suction problem

API 686

• PipingNozzle loads and allowables — the constraint that really governs hot piping
• PipingPump piping layout — the suction side is where the decisions are made
• PipingAccess, operability and maintenance space — what the plant is judged on afterwards

API 6D

• PipingValve types — picking one for the duty, not the drawing
• PipingValve actuation and fail position — deciding what happens when everything stops

API 752

• PipingPlot plan and equipment spacing — the drawing everything else inherits
• Civil & StructuralPlant layout, paving and drainage — decisions you cannot undo later

API 753

• PipingPlot plan and equipment spacing — the drawing everything else inherits

API 941

• PipingMaterial degradation — sensitisation, hardness limits and galvanic attack
• PipingRisk-based inspection — deciding what to inspect, and how often

API 970

• PipingCorrosion loops and piping circuits — the two groupings an RBI study is built on
• PipingCorrosion control documents — writing down why the plant corrodes
• PipingIntegrity operating windows — limits that protect the metal, not the product

ASCE 7

• Civil & StructuralFoundations — how the soil report decides what you build

ASME B16.11

• PipingFittings and branch connections — how a pipe changes direction

ASME B16.20

• PipingFlanges and pressure classes — why Class 150 is not 150 psi
• PipingGaskets and bolting — why most flange leaks are assembly, not hardware

ASME B16.21

• PipingGaskets and bolting — why most flange leaks are assembly, not hardware

ASME B16.25

• PipingJoint preparation and fit-up — the hold point you only get once
• PipingFrom isometric to installed line — fabrication, erection and testing

ASME B16.28

• PipingFittings and branch connections — how a pipe changes direction

ASME B16.34

• PipingValve types — picking one for the duty, not the drawing

ASME B16.47

• PipingFlanges and pressure classes — why Class 150 is not 150 psi

ASME B16.5

• PipingFlanges and pressure classes — why Class 150 is not 150 psi
• PipingReading a line class — the document that has already decided
• PipingPressure test packs and reinstatement — the gate, and what gets put back afterwards

ASME B16.9

• PipingFittings and branch connections — how a pipe changes direction
• PipingReading a line class — the document that has already decided

ASME B30.26

• PipingSpool handling and temporary support — the hours between landed and supported
• PipingLift plans and rigging basics — sling angle, centre of gravity, and the reasons to stop

ASME B30.5

• PipingLift plans and rigging basics — sling angle, centre of gravity, and the reasons to stop

ASME B30.9

• PipingSpool handling and temporary support — the hours between landed and supported
• PipingLift plans and rigging basics — sling angle, centre of gravity, and the reasons to stop

ASME B31.1

• PipingPipe supports and thermal expansion — why you cannot just bolt it down
• PipingExpansion loops and offsets — sizing the detour that absorbs the growth
• PipingExpansion joints and bellows — pressure thrust and why they are the last resort
• PipingAnchors, guides and restraint schemes — deciding where the pipe may move
• PipingPipe support standards and details — reading SP-58, SP-69 and a project detail sheet
• PipingSpring hanger selection — variable, constant, and the pin nobody pulled

ASME B31.3

• ProcessWhat the plant actually does — the shape of a process
• ProcessReading a PFD and the material balance — where every number starts
• PipingPipe materials — what the grade on the spec actually means
• PipingPipe sizes and schedules — why NPS 2 is not 2 inches
• PipingLine sizing — why pipe diameter is an economic decision
• PipingFittings and branch connections — how a pipe changes direction
• PipingFlanges and pressure classes — why Class 150 is not 150 psi
• PipingReading a line class — the document that has already decided
• PipingPipe supports and thermal expansion — why you cannot just bolt it down
• PipingExpansion loops and offsets — sizing the detour that absorbs the growth
• PipingExpansion joints and bellows — pressure thrust and why they are the last resort
• PipingAnchors, guides and restraint schemes — deciding where the pipe may move
• PipingPipe support standards and details — reading SP-58, SP-69 and a project detail sheet
• PipingSpring hanger selection — variable, constant, and the pin nobody pulled
• PipingNozzle loads and allowables — the constraint that really governs hot piping
• PipingPump piping layout — the suction side is where the decisions are made
• PipingPlot plan and equipment spacing — the drawing everything else inherits
• PipingAccess, operability and maintenance space — what the plant is judged on afterwards
• PipingRelief valve and flare piping — the 3 per cent rule, backpressure and reaction force
• PipingWelding processes, WPS and NDT — what happens before an arc is struck
• PipingReading a WPS and a PQR — what is on the sheet and what the tests proved
• PipingSection IX essential variables — what invalidates a procedure qualification
• PipingWelder qualification and continuity — the ranges a ticket covers, and the register nobody updates
• PipingJoint preparation and fit-up — the hold point you only get once
• PipingPreheat and post-weld heat treatment — hydrogen, hardness, and reading the chart
• PipingNon-destructive examination — choosing the method and reading the result
• PipingExamination extent and progressive sampling — what five per cent actually obliges
• PipingInspection and test plans — hold, witness, review, and who signs
• PipingNon-conformance and corrective action — the four dispositions, and why NCRs repeat
• PipingFrom isometric to installed line — fabrication, erection and testing
• PipingPressure test packs and reinstatement — the gate, and what gets put back afterwards
• PipingTie-ins and shutdown windows — preparing for the hours that cannot be extended
• PipingSupervising under a permit — the shift you signed for
• Instrumentation & ControlReading a P&ID — the drawing every discipline works from
• Instrumentation & ControlInstrument installation and loop checking — where most readings go wrong

ASME B36.10M

• PipingPipe sizes and schedules — why NPS 2 is not 2 inches

ASME B36.19M

• PipingPipe sizes and schedules — why NPS 2 is not 2 inches

ASME B73.1

• Rotating EquipmentPumps — head, NPSH and why cavitation is a suction problem

ASME BPVC VIII

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

ASME PCC-1

• PipingGaskets and bolting — why most flange leaks are assembly, not hardware
• PipingPressure test packs and reinstatement — the gate, and what gets put back afterwards

ASME Section II Part C

• PipingReading a WPS and a PQR — what is on the sheet and what the tests proved
• PipingSection IX essential variables — what invalidates a procedure qualification

ASME Section IX

• PipingWelding processes, WPS and NDT — what happens before an arc is struck
• PipingReading a WPS and a PQR — what is on the sheet and what the tests proved
• PipingSection IX essential variables — what invalidates a procedure qualification
• PipingWelder qualification and continuity — the ranges a ticket covers, and the register nobody updates
• PipingJoint preparation and fit-up — the hold point you only get once
• PipingPreheat and post-weld heat treatment — hydrogen, hardness, and reading the chart
• PipingNon-conformance and corrective action — the four dispositions, and why NCRs repeat
• PipingFrom isometric to installed line — fabrication, erection and testing

ASME Section V

• PipingWelding processes, WPS and NDT — what happens before an arc is struck
• PipingNon-destructive examination — choosing the method and reading the result
• PipingExamination extent and progressive sampling — what five per cent actually obliges
• PipingInspector competence and certification — who may interpret, and who only operates

ASME Section VIII

• ProcessRelief and flare systems — what happens when pressure wins
• PipingRelief valve and flare piping — the 3 per cent rule, backpressure and reaction force
• PipingVessels, exchangers and relief devices — the static equipment

ASNT SNT-TC-1A

• PipingNon-destructive examination — choosing the method and reading the result
• PipingInspection and test plans — hold, witness, review, and who signs
• PipingInspector competence and certification — who may interpret, and who only operates

ASTM A106

• PipingPipe materials — what the grade on the spec actually means
• PipingReading a line class — the document that has already decided

ASTM A193

• PipingGaskets and bolting — why most flange leaks are assembly, not hardware

ASTM A194

• PipingGaskets and bolting — why most flange leaks are assembly, not hardware

ASTM A240

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

ASTM A312

• PipingPipe materials — what the grade on the spec actually means

ASTM A320

• PipingGaskets and bolting — why most flange leaks are assembly, not hardware

ASTM A333

• PipingPipe materials — what the grade on the spec actually means

ASTM A335

• PipingPipe materials — what the grade on the spec actually means

ASTM A36

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

ASTM A516

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

ASTM B127

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

ASTM B265

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

ASTM B575

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

ATEX 2014/34/EU

• ElectricalHazardous areas — zones, gas groups and Ex protection explained

AWS A3.0

• PipingWelding processes, WPS and NDT — what happens before an arc is struck

AWS D1.1

• PipingWelder qualification and continuity — the ranges a ticket covers, and the register nobody updates

BS 6031

• Civil & StructuralUnderground services and excavation — the part of the plant nobody can see

EEMUA 191

• Instrumentation & ControlAlarm management — why an operator with 400 alarms has none

EJMA

• PipingPipe supports and thermal expansion — why you cannot just bolt it down
• PipingExpansion loops and offsets — sizing the detour that absorbs the growth
• PipingExpansion joints and bellows — pressure thrust and why they are the last resort

EN 10164

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from

EN 10204

• PipingPlate materials — what vessels and tanks are actually made from
• PipingInspection and test plans — hold, witness, review, and who signs
• PipingNon-conformance and corrective action — the four dispositions, and why NCRs repeat
• PipingPressure test packs and reinstatement — the gate, and what gets put back afterwards

EN 12811-1

• PipingErection sequence and constructability — why the isometric order is not the build order
• PipingSpool handling and temporary support — the hours between landed and supported
• PipingScaffold access and handover tags — access as a scheduled resource

EN 1993

• Civil & StructuralStructural steel — sections, connections and why it must be fireproofed

EN 206

• Civil & StructuralConcrete and reinforcement — why the mix is the easy part

IEC 60076

• ElectricalDistribution and the single line diagram — the map of the electrical system

IEC 60079-0

• ElectricalHazardous areas — zones, gas groups and Ex protection explained

IEC 60079-10-1

• ElectricalHazardous areas — zones, gas groups and Ex protection explained

IEC 60079-11

• Instrumentation & ControlWhat a transmitter is, and why it sends 4–20 mA
• Instrumentation & ControlSafety instrumented systems and SIL — the layer that acts on its own

IEC 60079-14

• ElectricalHazardous areas — zones, gas groups and Ex protection explained
• ElectricalCables — construction, selection and why sizing is never just about current
• ElectricalEarthing and bonding — several different jobs sharing one word
• ElectricalEx installation and inspection — where compliance is actually won or lost
• ElectricalElectrical commissioning and turnover — from dead to live

IEC 60079-17

• ElectricalEx installation and inspection — where compliance is actually won or lost

IEC 60079-19

• ElectricalEx installation and inspection — where compliance is actually won or lost

IEC 60079-32

• ElectricalEarthing and bonding — several different jobs sharing one word

IEC 60364

• ElectricalEarthing and bonding — several different jobs sharing one word

IEC 60364-5-52

• ElectricalCables — construction, selection and why sizing is never just about current

IEC 60364-6

• ElectricalElectrical commissioning and turnover — from dead to live
• HSEEnergy isolation and lock-out — proving dead, not assuming it

IEC 60502

• ElectricalCables — construction, selection and why sizing is never just about current

IEC 60529

• ElectricalHazardous areas — zones, gas groups and Ex protection explained

IEC 60534

• PipingValve actuation and fail position — deciding what happens when everything stops

IEC 61439

• ElectricalDistribution and the single line diagram — the map of the electrical system

IEC 61508

• Instrumentation & ControlWhat a transmitter is, and why it sends 4–20 mA
• Instrumentation & ControlSafety instrumented systems and SIL — the layer that acts on its own

IEC 61511

• PipingValve actuation and fail position — deciding what happens when everything stops
• Instrumentation & ControlReading a P&ID — the drawing every discipline works from
• Instrumentation & ControlSafety instrumented systems and SIL — the layer that acts on its own
• Instrumentation & ControlInstrument installation and loop checking — where most readings go wrong
• Instrumentation & ControlAlarm management — why an operator with 400 alarms has none

IEC 61892

• ElectricalCables — construction, selection and why sizing is never just about current

IEC 62271

• ElectricalDistribution and the single line diagram — the map of the electrical system

IEC 62305

• ElectricalEarthing and bonding — several different jobs sharing one word

IEC 62424

• Instrumentation & ControlReading a P&ID — the drawing every discipline works from

IEC 62682

• Instrumentation & ControlAlarm management — why an operator with 400 alarms has none

IEEE 142

• ElectricalEarthing and bonding — several different jobs sharing one word

IEEE 1584

• ElectricalDistribution and the single line diagram — the map of the electrical system

IEEE 515

• PipingInsulation, tracing and coatings — the layers outside the pipe

IEEE 81

• ElectricalElectrical commissioning and turnover — from dead to live

IP Refining Safety Code

• Civil & StructuralPlant layout, paving and drainage — decisions you cannot undo later

IS 1786

• Civil & StructuralConcrete and reinforcement — why the mix is the easy part

IS 1904

• Civil & StructuralFoundations — how the soil report decides what you build

IS 2974

• Civil & StructuralFoundations — how the soil report decides what you build

IS 3764

• Civil & StructuralUnderground services and excavation — the part of the plant nobody can see

IS 456

• Civil & StructuralFoundations — how the soil report decides what you build
• Civil & StructuralConcrete and reinforcement — why the mix is the easy part
• Civil & StructuralInspecting and repairing structures — the other forty years

IS 800

• Civil & StructuralStructural steel — sections, connections and why it must be fireproofed

ISA 5.1

• ProcessReading a PFD and the material balance — where every number starts
• Instrumentation & ControlWhat a transmitter is, and why it sends 4–20 mA
• Instrumentation & ControlReading a P&ID — the drawing every discipline works from
• Instrumentation & ControlInstrument installation and loop checking — where most readings go wrong

ISO 12480-1

• PipingLift plans and rigging basics — sling angle, centre of gravity, and the reasons to stop

ISO 12944

• PipingInsulation, tracing and coatings — the layers outside the pipe
• Civil & StructuralStructural steel — sections, connections and why it must be fireproofed
• Civil & StructuralInspecting and repairing structures — the other forty years

ISO 15156

• PipingMaterial degradation — sensitisation, hardness limits and galvanic attack

ISO 17637

• PipingExamination extent and progressive sampling — what five per cent actually obliges

ISO 21508

• PipingErection sequence and constructability — why the isometric order is not the build order
• PipingDiameter-inch and progress measurement — the unit piping is paid in
• PipingConstruction productivity factors — why the same weld takes three times as long
• PipingSite records and the daily diary — writing for somebody who will not believe you
• PipingVariations, backcharges and notice — the difference between noticing and notifying

ISO 45001

• PipingAccess, operability and maintenance space — what the plant is judged on afterwards
• HSERisk assessment and the hierarchy of control
• HSEEnergy isolation and lock-out — proving dead, not assuming it
• HSEIncident investigation — finding the cause rather than the culprit

ISO 9001

• PipingInspection and test plans — hold, witness, review, and who signs
• PipingNon-conformance and corrective action — the four dispositions, and why NCRs repeat
• PipingInspector competence and certification — who may interpret, and who only operates

ISO 9712

• PipingInspector competence and certification — who may interpret, and who only operates

MSS SP-58

• PipingPipe supports and thermal expansion — why you cannot just bolt it down
• PipingExpansion joints and bellows — pressure thrust and why they are the last resort
• PipingAnchors, guides and restraint schemes — deciding where the pipe may move
• PipingPipe support standards and details — reading SP-58, SP-69 and a project detail sheet
• PipingSpring hanger selection — variable, constant, and the pin nobody pulled
• PipingRelief valve and flare piping — the 3 per cent rule, backpressure and reaction force

MSS SP-69

• PipingPipe supports and thermal expansion — why you cannot just bolt it down
• PipingExpansion loops and offsets — sizing the detour that absorbs the growth
• PipingAnchors, guides and restraint schemes — deciding where the pipe may move
• PipingPipe support standards and details — reading SP-58, SP-69 and a project detail sheet
• PipingSpring hanger selection — variable, constant, and the pin nobody pulled

MSS SP-97

• PipingFittings and branch connections — how a pipe changes direction

NACE MR0175

• PipingPipe materials — what the grade on the spec actually means
• PipingGaskets and bolting — why most flange leaks are assembly, not hardware
• PipingReading a line class — the document that has already decided
• PipingPipe support standards and details — reading SP-58, SP-69 and a project detail sheet
• PipingPreheat and post-weld heat treatment — hydrogen, hardness, and reading the chart
• PipingMaterial degradation — sensitisation, hardness limits and galvanic attack

NAMUR NE 43

• PipingValve actuation and fail position — deciding what happens when everything stops
• Instrumentation & ControlWhat a transmitter is, and why it sends 4–20 mA

NEMA SM-23

• PipingNozzle loads and allowables — the constraint that really governs hot piping

NFPA 30

• Civil & StructuralPlant layout, paving and drainage — decisions you cannot undo later

NFPA 59A

• PipingPlot plan and equipment spacing — the drawing everything else inherits

NFPA 85

• ProcessFired heaters — an open flame next to a hydrocarbon inventory

OSHA 1910.146

• HSEPermit to work — how a plant decides a job is safe to start

OSHA 1910.147

• HSEPermit to work — how a plant decides a job is safe to start

TEMA

• PipingVessels, exchangers and relief devices — the static equipment

UL 1709

• Civil & StructuralStructural steel — sections, connections and why it must be fireproofed

WRC 537

• PipingPipe support standards and details — reading SP-58, SP-69 and a project detail sheet
• PipingNozzle loads and allowables — the constraint that really governs hot piping

HSG250

• HSEPermit to work — how a plant decides a job is safe to start

HSG253

• HSEPermit to work — how a plant decides a job is safe to start

HSG47

• Civil & StructuralUnderground services and excavation — the part of the plant nobody can see

OISD-STD-118

• PipingPlot plan and equipment spacing — the drawing everything else inherits
• PipingAccess, operability and maintenance space — what the plant is judged on afterwards