ACI
ACI 440
Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures
The reference for fibre reinforced polymer strengthening, covering externally bonded plates, sheets and wraps and near surface mounted bars. It sets out material characterisation, environmental reduction factors, the governing failure modes including debonding and the limit on strain that can be relied on, confinement of columns by full wraps, and the requirement for a strength limit on the unstrengthened member in case the FRP is lost to fire or impact. It also makes clear that surface preparation and the bond line, not the fibre, decide whether the strengthening works.
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